Mu bihe bigenda byiyongera mu nganda z’imodoka, inzira imwe idashidikanywaho iragaragara - igabanuka rikomeje kugiciro cy’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi (EV).Mugihe hari ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri iri hinduka, impamvu imwe yibanze iragaragara: igabanuka ryibiciro bya bateri zikoresha ibinyabiziga.Iyi ngingo irasobanura impamvu zatumye ibiciro by’ibinyabiziga bigabanuka, bishimangira ko hakenewe gushishikarizwa gushora imari mu gukora batiri n’umusaruro.
Batteri: Imbaraga Inyuma Yigiciro
Umutima wikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi ni bateri yacyo, kandi ntabwo bitangaje kuba igiciro cyizi bateri kigira uruhare runini kubiciro byimodoka.Mubyukuri, ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri (hafi 51%) byigiciro cya EV biterwa na powertrain, irimo bateri, moteri (s), hamwe na elegitoroniki iherekeza.Bitandukanye cyane, moteri yaka mumodoka gakondo igizwe na 20% gusa yikiguzi cyose.
Gucengera cyane muri bateri igabanuka, hafi 50% byayo igenerwa selile ya lithium-ion ubwayo.Ibisigaye 50% bikubiyemo ibice bitandukanye, nkamazu, insinga, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, nibindi bintu bifitanye isano.Twabibutsa ko igiciro cya bateri ya lithium-ion, ikoreshwa cyane muri elegitoroniki na EV, cyagabanutse ku giciro cya 97% kuva ibicuruzwa byatangizwa mu 1991.
Udushya muriBatteriChimie: Gutwara hasiEV Ikiguzi
Mugushakisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bihendutse, guhanga udushya muri chimie ya batiri byagize uruhare runini.Akarorero kerekana ni uburyo Tesla yahinduye kuri bateri zitagira cobalt mumodoka ya Model 3.Iri shyashya ryatumye igiciro cy’igurisha kigabanuka ku buryo bugaragara, aho Ubushinwa bwagabanutseho 10% ndetse n’igabanuka rikabije rya 20% muri Ositaraliya.Iterambere nk'iryo rifite uruhare runini mu gutuma EV irushaho guhatanira ibiciro, bikarushaho kwagura abakiriya.
Umuhanda ugana ibiciro
Kuringaniza ibiciro hamwe nibinyabiziga byaka imbere ni Grail Yera yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Uyu mwanya wingenzi uteganijwe kubaho mugihe igiciro cya bateri ya EV kigabanutse munsi y $ 100 kumasaha ya kilowatt.Amakuru meza nuko impuguke mu nganda, nkuko BloombergNEF yabihanuye, ziteganya ko iyi ntambwe izagerwaho mu mwaka wa 2023. Kugera ku giciro cy’ibiciro ntabwo bizatuma ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi birushanwe mu bukungu gusa ahubwo bizanavugurura imiterere y’imodoka.
Ibikorwa bya Guverinoma no Guteza imbere Ibikorwa Remezo
Usibye iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, inkunga ya leta n'iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibiciro bya EV.Ikigaragara ni uko Ubushinwa bwafashe ingamba zitinyutse zo kwagura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wa EV, hamwe na sitasiyo zitangaje 112.000 zashyizweho mu Kuboza 2020 honyine.Ishoramari mu kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo ni ngombwa kugirango ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byorohe kandi byoroshye.
Gushishikariza ishoramari muriBatteriGukora
Gukomeza inzira yo kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya EV no kwemeza ko iyi mpinduramatwara irambye, gushishikariza ishoramari mu gukora batiri ni byo by'ingenzi.Mugihe umusaruro wa bateri uzamuka, ubukungu bwikigereranyo buzarushaho kugabanya ibiciro bya batiri.Ibi bizaganisha ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi bihendutse, bikurura abaguzi benshi, kandi amaherezo bizamura ibinyabiziga bisukuye kandi birambye.
Mu gusoza, igabanuka ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi biterwa ahanini nigabanuka rya bateri.Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya muri chimie ya batiri, hamwe n'inkunga ya leta mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo byose ni ibintu bitanga umusanzu.Kugirango turusheho kunoza ubushobozi n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, gushishikariza ishoramari mu gukora bateri no kongera umusaruro ni ngombwa.Iyi mbaraga ifatanyabikorwa ntabwo izagabanya ibiciro gusa ahubwo izihutisha inzibacyuho kwisi yose ku bisubizo bisukuye kandi birambye.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-03-2023
